Rocks and Minerals Webquest
Directions: Answer the following questions using the websites provided for each question (the titles are hotlinks).
Rock Cycle
1. What are the three main types of rocks? Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
2. How does a sedimentary rock turn into a metamorphic rock? newly formed metamorphic rock continues to heat it can eventually melt and become molten, when molten rock cools it forms an igneous rock, metamorphic rock can form from either sedimentary or igneous rock.
3. How does an igneous rock turn into a metamorphic rock? igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals, magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals.
4. How do metamorphic rocks change into sedimentary rocks? as lava cools it hardens and becomes igneous rock.
5. How do igneous rocks change into sedimentary rocks? Weathering & Erosion. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks on the surface of the earth are constantly being broken down by wind and water. ...Transportation. ...
Deposition. ...
Compaction & Cementation. ...
Metamorphism. ...
Rock Melting.
6. What is the beginning of the rock cycle? The end? the rock cycle never stops
View this Rock Cycle animation
7. Quick cooling forms many small what? crystals
8. When you look at the desert monuments, what eroded away? the rock part of the canyon/mountain
9. The microscopic view of sandstone contains what two components?quart/calcium carbonate
10. What two things are needed to turn igneous rock into metamorphic rock? exposure to heat and pressure
Rocks
11. List and define the 6 key characteristics that can help you identify rocks within the three main classes.
a.crystals :homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces
b. fossils:remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
c. gas bubbles:spherical or hemispherical film of liquid filled with air or gas
d. glassy surface:free of roughness and bumps
e. ribbon like layers:layers of rock over more rock that looks like ribbon
f. sand or pebbles:glass heated enough becomes sand pebbles are eroded rock
Rock Identification Key
12. For igneous rock, when magma cools slowly the crystals... large
13. For igneous rock, when magma cools quickly, the crystals… may be small or not form at all
14. Of the types of igneous rock formed underground, which one is most familiar? crystal. diamond
15. When looking at sedimentary particle size, which material type has the largest particles and which has the smallest particles?
16. Which metamorphic rock forms under the highest temperature and highest pressure? diamond
Mystery Rocks
17. How much of earth’s surface is made of sedimentary rock? 75%
18. Give 4 examples of sediment that might eventually become sedimentary rock. clastic biochemical chemical organic
19. What caused the appearance in the sedimentary rock in picture B? weathering, erosion
Mohs Scale
20. What is Mohs Scale used for? scale hardeness
21. What mineral is a 10 on Mohs Scale? diamond
22. Give an example of a mineral with a hardness of 7 (according to Mohs Scale). Tell me about that mineral. quartz
23. If a mineral can scratch a penny, what number is it on Mohs Scale? 3
Streak
24. Sometimes the color and the streak of a mineral are very different. Which of the examples shows a difference between color and streak? power when it is crushed
25. Show your work for calculating the density of block 1 and 2.
26. Submit your answers to verify your correctness. If you are incorrect, correct your answers and resubmit.
Samples
Mount Nyiragongo is an active volcano in central Africa. Not much is known about how long the volcano has been erupting, but since 1882, it has erupted at least 34 times (once every 4 years), including many periods where activity was continuous for years at a time, often in the form of a churning lava lake in the crater.
27. Watch the video. Would you get this sample? Why or why not?yes because there is enough data to do your research
Directions: Answer the following questions using the websites provided for each question (the titles are hotlinks).
Rock Cycle
1. What are the three main types of rocks? Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
2. How does a sedimentary rock turn into a metamorphic rock? newly formed metamorphic rock continues to heat it can eventually melt and become molten, when molten rock cools it forms an igneous rock, metamorphic rock can form from either sedimentary or igneous rock.
3. How does an igneous rock turn into a metamorphic rock? igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals, magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals.
4. How do metamorphic rocks change into sedimentary rocks? as lava cools it hardens and becomes igneous rock.
5. How do igneous rocks change into sedimentary rocks? Weathering & Erosion. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks on the surface of the earth are constantly being broken down by wind and water. ...Transportation. ...
Deposition. ...
Compaction & Cementation. ...
Metamorphism. ...
Rock Melting.
6. What is the beginning of the rock cycle? The end? the rock cycle never stops
View this Rock Cycle animation
7. Quick cooling forms many small what? crystals
8. When you look at the desert monuments, what eroded away? the rock part of the canyon/mountain
9. The microscopic view of sandstone contains what two components?quart/calcium carbonate
10. What two things are needed to turn igneous rock into metamorphic rock? exposure to heat and pressure
Rocks
11. List and define the 6 key characteristics that can help you identify rocks within the three main classes.
a.crystals :homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces
b. fossils:remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
c. gas bubbles:spherical or hemispherical film of liquid filled with air or gas
d. glassy surface:free of roughness and bumps
e. ribbon like layers:layers of rock over more rock that looks like ribbon
f. sand or pebbles:glass heated enough becomes sand pebbles are eroded rock
Rock Identification Key
12. For igneous rock, when magma cools slowly the crystals... large
13. For igneous rock, when magma cools quickly, the crystals… may be small or not form at all
14. Of the types of igneous rock formed underground, which one is most familiar? crystal. diamond
15. When looking at sedimentary particle size, which material type has the largest particles and which has the smallest particles?
16. Which metamorphic rock forms under the highest temperature and highest pressure? diamond
Mystery Rocks
17. How much of earth’s surface is made of sedimentary rock? 75%
18. Give 4 examples of sediment that might eventually become sedimentary rock. clastic biochemical chemical organic
19. What caused the appearance in the sedimentary rock in picture B? weathering, erosion
Mohs Scale
20. What is Mohs Scale used for? scale hardeness
21. What mineral is a 10 on Mohs Scale? diamond
22. Give an example of a mineral with a hardness of 7 (according to Mohs Scale). Tell me about that mineral. quartz
23. If a mineral can scratch a penny, what number is it on Mohs Scale? 3
Streak
24. Sometimes the color and the streak of a mineral are very different. Which of the examples shows a difference between color and streak? power when it is crushed
25. Show your work for calculating the density of block 1 and 2.
26. Submit your answers to verify your correctness. If you are incorrect, correct your answers and resubmit.
Samples
Mount Nyiragongo is an active volcano in central Africa. Not much is known about how long the volcano has been erupting, but since 1882, it has erupted at least 34 times (once every 4 years), including many periods where activity was continuous for years at a time, often in the form of a churning lava lake in the crater.
27. Watch the video. Would you get this sample? Why or why not?yes because there is enough data to do your research
Rock Cycle notes
Igneous rock:form from crystallization of magma silica in magma
extrusive and intrusive
metamorphic: change of form, high temp low pressure, hot water deep sea vents
foliated and non foliated
Properties of minerals: color, streak, luster,hardness,cleavage,fracture,density/specific gravity,special etc
Weathering= weakened and broken down
Erosion= erode way by wind water and other elements
Three types:
1) physical
2) chemical
3) biological
What is physical weathering? What is chemical weathering? Why is biological weathering?
• NO changes in composition
• Size and shape change
• Factors:
Temperature
Frost wedging: water freezes and expands, cracking rocks
Pressure
Exfoliation : pressure of overlying rocks are removed, underlying rocks can expand
• Mineral composition
• Chemical reaction occurs
• New minerals form
• Agents:
Waterà hydrolysis
Oxygenà oxidation
Carbon Dioxideà cave
Acidà acid rain
• Living organism cause changes in rocks or sediment
• Ex: tree roots growing around a rock and splitting it
• Ex: humans displacing or removing rock surfaces
Factors that affect weathering: climate
Climate for chemical weathering: more common faster in areas of warm temperature and high rainfall
Example: painted desert of Arizona/new mexico
Climate for physical weathering: more common faster in areas of cool dry climate
Example: nc mountains
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Even though igneous rocks are the most common in Earth’s crust, most of Earth’s surface is covered in sediment.
Sediments: pieces of solid rock material re deposited on earths surface by forces, wind, gravity, ice, water, precipitation.
Steps:
1) Weathered particles get moved downhill: erosion
2) Get laid down/sink: deposition
3) Deposits become layered: sorting
4) Layers stack up on top of each other: burial
5) These processes add material to sedimentary basins
6) As burial occurs, layers are subjected to greater heat and pressure
7) These conditions cause lithification
• lithos = stone
• Two steps:
• Compaction: excess water and air are squeezed out
• Cementation: new minerals form
The primary features of sedimentary rocks are horizontal layers called bedding.
• Graded bedding
• Bigger on the bottom
• Cross-bedding
• Slanted layers
Sedimentary Rock Classification
Organic sedimentary rocks: from once living things
Chemical sedimentary rocks: evaporites
Clastic sedimentary rocks: loose deposits on earths surface most common
Igneous rock:form from crystallization of magma silica in magma
extrusive and intrusive
metamorphic: change of form, high temp low pressure, hot water deep sea vents
foliated and non foliated
Properties of minerals: color, streak, luster,hardness,cleavage,fracture,density/specific gravity,special etc
Weathering= weakened and broken down
Erosion= erode way by wind water and other elements
Three types:
1) physical
2) chemical
3) biological
What is physical weathering? What is chemical weathering? Why is biological weathering?
• NO changes in composition
• Size and shape change
• Factors:
Temperature
Frost wedging: water freezes and expands, cracking rocks
Pressure
Exfoliation : pressure of overlying rocks are removed, underlying rocks can expand
• Mineral composition
• Chemical reaction occurs
• New minerals form
• Agents:
Waterà hydrolysis
Oxygenà oxidation
Carbon Dioxideà cave
Acidà acid rain
• Living organism cause changes in rocks or sediment
• Ex: tree roots growing around a rock and splitting it
• Ex: humans displacing or removing rock surfaces
Factors that affect weathering: climate
Climate for chemical weathering: more common faster in areas of warm temperature and high rainfall
Example: painted desert of Arizona/new mexico
Climate for physical weathering: more common faster in areas of cool dry climate
Example: nc mountains
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Even though igneous rocks are the most common in Earth’s crust, most of Earth’s surface is covered in sediment.
Sediments: pieces of solid rock material re deposited on earths surface by forces, wind, gravity, ice, water, precipitation.
Steps:
1) Weathered particles get moved downhill: erosion
2) Get laid down/sink: deposition
3) Deposits become layered: sorting
4) Layers stack up on top of each other: burial
5) These processes add material to sedimentary basins
6) As burial occurs, layers are subjected to greater heat and pressure
7) These conditions cause lithification
• lithos = stone
• Two steps:
• Compaction: excess water and air are squeezed out
• Cementation: new minerals form
The primary features of sedimentary rocks are horizontal layers called bedding.
• Graded bedding
• Bigger on the bottom
• Cross-bedding
• Slanted layers
Sedimentary Rock Classification
Organic sedimentary rocks: from once living things
Chemical sedimentary rocks: evaporites
Clastic sedimentary rocks: loose deposits on earths surface most common
leaning tower of Pisa
Christ the Redeemer
Taj Mahal